What is x1 capacitor

Y4 capacitors are rated to V AC with a peak test voltage of 2. These include impulse voltage, endurance and active flammability tests. Application and parameters for these tests depend on the capacitor classification and sub-classification. For Y-capacitors, ceramic types are less expensive than metallised film, but unstable over time and temperature and less mechanically stable.

Ceramic failure mode also tends toward short circuit, whereas metallised paper and film types tend towards open circuit. We use cookies for analytics, advertising and to improve our site. You agree to our use of cookies by closing this message box or continuing to use our site.

To find out more see our Cookie Policy. Article Back to basics: what are Y-capacitors? The capacitors must also be able to handle power surges, as the capacitors bridge the isolation barrier. Tech Corner. Custom Solutions Products Markets Compliance.

Capacitors AC Safety. Tecate group offers a family of AC Safety Capacitors for X- and Y-class applications that require across-the-line and line-to-ground protection. These capacitors are ideal for providing surge and transient protection to sensitive electronic circuitry, as well as the users. That is all. There is no specification as to its failure mode, if it fails open or closed, or if it is across-the-line or not. However, this ultimately amounts to these capacitors being used in across-the-line situations, as line-to-ground situations carry the potential for electric shock risk if those capacitors fail shorted.

Now, no one wants a capacitor to fail shorted, as this is rarely a sure-fire way to blow a fuse before the capacitor explodes or catches fire. When they fail closed, they often still present several ohms of resistance, rather than being a dead-short. So, X capacitors aren't really designed to fail open or closed circuit per se, but are designed to withstand a great deal of surge without failing at all.

There are 3 subclasses of X capacitors, X1, X2, and X3. These correspond to peak service voltages, which are generally much higher than the continuous rated voltage.

They are as follows:. Class Y Capacitors: These capacitors are rated for use in situations where failure would present an electric shock risk. What this means is, Y class capacitors are designed to simply not fail at all, or be self-healing, allowing them to recover from an arc-over event. Basically, the requirements for a class Y capacitor are stricter and higher than that of an X Capacitor. And Y capacitors are the only capacitors rated to be safely used in 'line-to-ground' situations. However, again, there is not any mention about their failure mode, the Y rating only implies certain minimum requirements are met.

This amounts to not failing at all generally, or, as mentioned, being self-healing. Only Y class capacitors are sufficient for use in 'line-to-ground' applications. Because of the stricter safety ratings, it is acceptable to use Y-rated capacitors in place of X-rated capacitors, but not vise versa. Capacitors explicitly rated for both are not uncommon, and there is nothing preventing a capacitor from being both classes at once. Both these tables are generalizations, and depending on which standard was used when designating a capacitor as an X or Y class, the specifics may vary slightly.

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