What kind of insulators are there

Line post insulators are used in medium voltage overhead distribution lines for the purpose of fixing conductors to tower bodies. They are used in distribution systems within cities and are commonly installed on metal, concrete and wooden structures to horizontally or vertically support line conductors. These insulators can also be used to support high voltage conductor jumpers or leads. Suspension-type insulators, which consist of a number of porcelain discs connected by metal links in the form of a string, are deployed for higher voltages.

The conductor is suspended at the bottom end of the string and the other end is secured to the cross-arm of the tower. Each unit or disc is designed for low voltage, usually 11 kV, and the appropriate number of discs, depending on the working voltage, are connected in a series.

Suspension-type insulators are generally used with steel towers. As the conductors run below the earthed cross-arm of the tower, this arrangement provides partial protection from lightning.

These insulators are designed for handling mechanical stresses at angle positions where there is a change in the direction of the line or at the termination point of the line. In the case of high voltage lines that have longer spans and greater mechanical loading, suspension insulator strings are arranged in a horizontal position, and these are referred to as strain insulators.

However, in situations when a single string is not sufficient for taking the load, two or more strings can be deployed in parallel for higher conductor tensions. Shackle or spool insulators are generally deployed in low voltage distribution networks, and can be used in horizontal or vertical positions. Like strain-type insulators, they are also deployed on sharp curves, end poles and section poles. Post insulators are similar to pin-type insulators but they are more suitable for higher voltage applications.

These insulators can be mounted on supporting structures, both horizontally and vertically. They are also used for substation busbar high-level strained connections. These are connected to the pole using bolt otherwise cross arm. These insulators are used in the substations because it is appropriate for different voltage levels.

It is arranged in a vertical position and protects transformers, switchgear and other connecting devices. The mechanical strength of these insulators is strong. These insulators are rectangular, used in the distribution lines. These are available in small size when compared with other types. These insulators work like protecting devices that protect from sudden faults otherwise voltage change happens suddenly.

These insulators are composed of fiberglass rod and enclosed with polymer weather sheds. These are low in weight compare with porcelain type while giving better power. Glass insulators started being used in the 18th century for telegraph and telephone lines, which were then, replaced by ceramic and porcelain types in the 19th century. To overcome this, toughened glass types were introduced, which became popular due to their longer lifespan. In this insulator, there is no metal part among the units, which assists to raise their strength.

These are applicable at both tension and suspension locations. The properties of an insulator are mechanical and dielectric strength is high, insulation resistance is high to prevent leakage current. Insulator materials must be free from cracks, impurities and nonporous. An insulator is one kind of material where the internal electric charge of this does not run freely; insufficient electric current will run through it in the power of an electric field.

Once breakdown voltage is applied to insulator then it will become conductive so this is known as insulation breakdown. And sometimes I delve in Python programming. I appreciate to you. Thank you very much, Sir. I am very glad and motivate, if my knowledge can contribute to the learner.

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